Recently, the Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Fujian Provincial People's Government issued the "Fujian Province to build the National Deepening of Collective Forest rights System Reform Pilot Zone Implementation Plan"。
As the "vanguard" of the reform of the national collective forest rights system，Fujian has always kept in mind the exhortations，Continue to answer "how to divide the mountain", "how to cut the tree", "where the money comes from", "how to do a single family" four problems，And "How do two mountains transform" new question，Continue to deepen the way for the national forest reform, experience, as a demonstration。
How are the mountains divided？
From "Separation of two powers" to "separation of three powers"
Through deepening reform, forest farmers, collectives, enterprises, and society can benefit, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties, and gather the joint force of deepening forest reform。First, speed up the work of separating the three powers。On the basis of clarifying property rights, contracting to households, and realizing the "separation of forest land ownership and contracting rights", the work of "separation of forest land ownership, contracting rights and management rights" is actively promoted, and the management rights of forest land are released。Shaowu City explored the issuance of forest management rights certificate;Zhangping City issued a certificate of management rights under forests to Taiwan businessmen。The second is to standardize the registration of real estate of forest rights。The departments of natural resources and forestry will strengthen business coordination, promote data integration and information sharing of forest rights registration, and continue to standardize the registration of real estate related to forest rights。Sanming City provides forest rights cadastral survey services free of charge by purchasing government services。The third is to speed up the circulation of forest rights。Actively promote the format contract of forest rights transfer, build a forest rights trading platform covering the whole province, and promote the standardized and orderly transfer of forest rights。Since 2021, the province has transferred a total of 556 forest rights.85万亩。
How do you cut a tree？
From "Cut trees and sell them for money" to "Multiple benefits"
Starting from ensuring the management autonomy, disposal right and profit right of forest farmers, we should promote the sustainable management of forest and improve the management income。First, explore the reform of artificial commercial forest harvesting。We will organize pilot projects to reform the harvesting of artificial commercial forests, and effectively implement the right to dispose and profit from forest trees。如，Sanming City explored and implemented the "four relaxations" of cutting stock volume, age, slope and index;Shaxian District explored the pilot project of examining and approving the felling of artificial commercial forests by area;Longyan City on the basis of lowering two age classes，In 2023, with the approval of the approval, it will explore and carry out the pilot reform of the total control of the cutting type, main cutting age and main cutting limit for five years by the forest right owners of artificial commercial forests。Second, we will adjust and optimize the distribution of non-commercial ecological forests。Some natural commercial forests and commercial forests in key ecological locations that meet the demarcation conditions of ecological commonweal forests will be gradually replaced or adjusted into ecological commonweal forests。Third, we will strengthen ecological protection and restoration。We will organize the precise improvement of forest quality of 10 million mu, promote the improvement of forest facies in key areas, and accelerate the formation of multi-layer mixed forests of different ages。Since 2021, the province has completed the accurate improvement of forest quality 950.40,000 mu, forest facies improvement in key areas19.75万亩。
Where's the money coming from？
From "guarding Jinshan and Silver Mountains" to "Revitalizing Mountains"
Actively carry out the reform of forestry investment and financing, so that green mountains into gold mountains, green trees into living money, resources into assets。First, we will strengthen financial innovation。The provincial Forestry Bureau, together with the Fuzhou Central Branch of the People's Bank of China and other seven departments, issued the "Guiding Opinions on Continuous Optimization of forestry Financial Services", and actively developed forestry financial products with long term, low interest rate and simple procedures that meet the characteristics of forestry production。Since 2021, the province has issued a series of "Min Lin Tong" inclusive forestry loans 54.9.9 billion yuan, an additional benefit of rural households 3.40000 households, a total of 149 loans.1.9 billion yuan, benefiting 11 rural households.27万户。The second is to strengthen the introduction of capital into the forest。Strengthen strategic cooperation with central and state-owned enterprises, and actively use policy bank loans to promote the construction of national strategic reserve forests and other projects。Since 2021, the province has taken advantage of loans from national policy banks such as CDB.1.7 billion yuan, 72.74亿元。Third, we will strengthen risk prevention。Give play to the role of more than 50 forest rights collection and storage institutions in the province, provide more than 2 billion yuan of collection and storage guarantees for forest rights mortgage loans, and further improve the "five-in-one" risk prevention and control system of asset evaluation, forest insurance, forest rights supervision, rapid disposal, collection and storage。Forest comprehensive insurance introduces the market competition mechanism, effectively increases the insurance amount under the condition of unchanged premium, and effectively reduces the premium burden of forest farmers through financial subsidies。Since 2018, the province has settled 6.$3.2 billion, a loss ratio of 65.79%。At the same time, all localities are actively innovating forestry characteristic insurance types such as ancient and famous trees, wildlife damage, underforest economy, and forestry carbon sink index。
What about a single family？
From "separate mountains to households" to "multi-modal joint operations"
Adhere to the two-tier management system of combining unified management and division, maintain the stable and long-term unchanged forest land contracting relationship, and effectively solve the problem that forest farmers are difficult to face the big market by actively cultivating diversified management subjects, carrying out various forms of stock cooperation, and strengthening unified services。First, we will actively cultivate new business entities。The provincial finance arranges 20 million yuan every year to support the standardization construction of new forestry management subjects。Since 2021, 877 new forestry management entities have been added。Second, carry out cooperation in various forms。We will implement the "100 farms with 1,000 villages" action, strengthen cooperation between state-owned forest farms and village collectives and forest farmers, and actively expand management models such as trusteeship and share cooperation。For example, Shunchang County relies on the innovation of state-owned forest farms to promote the "forest ecological bank" four-share cooperation model, and the cooperative management area of mountain forests reaches 12.4万亩。At the same time, we will encourage all localities to carry out pilot reforms of forest and land tickets。At present, Sanming City has issued a total of 7 forest tickets.2.8 billion yuan, cooperation area 28.840,000 mu, and launched forestry biological asset trading "forest ticket 2..0”。Zhangzhou implemented the pilot reform of "two votes" for forest and land votes, implementing the pilot area of 2,966 mu and implementing "two votes" 8.03 million shares。The third is to strengthen the unified service of forest farmers。Further carry out the scientific and technological service activities of "forest farmers ordering, experts delivering meals", and carry out online and offline forestry technology training。In 2023, the province's forestry system will carry out 1089 batches of scientific and technological services, providing precise services to more than 20,000 forest farmers。At the same time, we will actively develop social service organizations such as forest resource asset assessment, logging area survey and design, wood and bamboo inspection, and forestry material evidence identification。Up to now, the province has cultivated 269 socialized intermediary agencies of various types of forestry, and developed 967 professional service teams for afforestation, fire prevention, logging, forest disease and pest control。
How are the two mountains transformed？
From "Single Forestry" to "Multifunctional Forestry"
From wood production to reflect the role of "four reservoirs", play the forest ecological, economic, social benefits of multi-functional forestry transformation, in expanding and planting ecological advantages at the same time, through the exploration of ecological value realization mechanism, to promote the organic unity of "ecological beauty, people rich"。First, highlight industrial utilization。Adhere to project construction, market expansion, innovation-driven as the starting point, support the development of wood processing, bamboo industry, flowers and seedlings, forest tourism, forest health and other green industries to enrich the people。In 2023, the total output value of the forestry industry in the province is 765.1 billion yuan。The second is to highlight ecological compensation。We will coordinate the central and provincial financial funds to raise the compensation standard for ecological non-commercial forests at or above the provincial level and the subsidy for the management and protection of natural commodity trees for stopping logging to 23 yuan per mu per year, and extend the application of the subsidy policy for forest rights owners in nature reserves at or above the provincial level (plus 3 yuan per mu) to all types of nature reserves at or above the provincial level。At the same time, we will continue to promote reforms such as the redemption of commercial forests in key ecological locations。Since 2021, it has completed reforms such as purchasing 150,000 mu, with a total of 53.6万亩。Third, highlight market-based transactions。China has launched 20 provincial-level trials of carbon neutrality in forestry, building 1.02 million mu of carbon-neutral forest。Three cities, Nanping, Sanming and Longyan, were successfully selected as national carbon sink pilot cities。Since 2021, the province has completed Fujian forestry carbon sink trading and re-trading 153.89万吨、2560.630,000 yuan, a total of 410.57万吨、6422.5万元。The Provincial Forestry Bureau, together with the provincial court and the provincial procuratorate, took the lead in establishing the measurement and compensation mechanism for forestry carbon sink loss in the country, and currently 5,139 tons of forestry carbon sink is used for judicial loss compensation。
next，Fujian will take the opportunity of deepening the construction of the pioneer area of collective forest rights system reform，In accordance with the provincial Party Committee's "deep learning for excellence, dare to compete for the first, hard work for efficiency" action requirements，Prominent problem orientation，Always try first，We will organize and carry out pilot reforms of "three and many" with multi-benefit, multi-mode pooling and multi-service as the main contents，We will continue to take the lead in ten aspects, including releasing management rights, optimizing forest rights management, promoting large-scale management, promoting sustainable forest management, innovating logging system, developing green industry, improving ecological compensation mechanism, expanding forestry carbon sink, promoting financial innovation, and improving management services，Continue to provide more "Fujian experience" for the deepening of national forestry reform。Provincial Forestry Bureau 文）
Source: Fujian Daily